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LM337 Three-Terminal Adjustable Output Negative Voltage Regulator
The LM337 is an adjustable 3-terminal negative voltage regulator capable of supplying in excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range of -1.2 V to - 37 V. This voltage regulator is exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, it employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area compensation, making it essentially blow-out proof. The LM337 serves a wide variety of applications including local, on card regulation. This device can also be used to make a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM337 can be used as a precision current regulator. * Output Current in Excess of 1.5 A
THREE-TERMINAL ADJUSTABLE NEGATIVE VOLTAGE REGULATOR
SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA
* * * * * * *
Output Adjustable between -1.2 V and - 37 V Internal Thermal Overload Protection Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting Constant with Temperature Output Transistor Safe-Area Compensation Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications Eliminates Stocking many Fixed Voltages Available in Surface Mount D2PAK and Standard 3-Lead Transistor Package
T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A Heatsink surface connected to Pin 2.
1 2 3
Standard Application
IPROG + R2 R1 120 IAdj + D2T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 936 (D2PAK)
Pin 1. Adjust 2. Vin 3. Vout
Cin* 1.0 F
CO** 1.0 F
1
2 3
Vin -Vin
LM337
Vout -Vout
Heatsink surface (shown as terminal 4 in case outline drawing) is connected to Pin 2.
ORDERING INFORMATION
* Cin is required if regulator is located more than 4 inches from power supply filter. * A 1.0 F solid tantalum or 10 F aluminum electrolytic is recommended. ** CO is necessary for stability. A 1.0 F solid tantalum or 10 F aluminum electrolytic ** is recommeded. V out Device LM337BD2T LM337BT LM337D2T LM337T TJ = - 40 to +125C TJ = 0 to +125C Operating Temperature Range Package Surface Mount Insertion Mount Surface Mount Insertion Mount
Rev 1
+ -1.25 V 1 ) R
R2 1
(c) Motorola, Inc. 1996
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
1
LM337
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating Input-Output Voltage Differential Power Dissipation Case 221A TA = +25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Case 936 (D2PAK) TA = +25C Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance, Junction-to-Case Operating Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Symbol VI-VO Value 40 Unit Vdc
PD JA JC PD JA JC TJ Tstg
Internally Limited 65 5.0 Internally Limited 70 5.0 - 40 to +125 - 65 to +150
W C/W C/W W C/W C/W C C
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (|VI-VO| = 5.0 V; IO = 0.5 A for T package; TJ = Tlow to Thigh [Note 1]; Imax and Pmax [Note 2].)
Characteristics Line Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25C, 3.0 V |VI-VO| 40 V Load Regulation (Note 3), TA = +25C, 10 mA IO Imax |VO| 5.0 V |VO| 5.0 V Thermal Regulation, TA = +25C (Note 6), 10 ms Pulse Adjustment Pin Current Adjustment Pin Current Change, 2.5 V |VI-VO| 40 V, 10 mA IL Imax, PD Pmax, TA = +25C Reference Voltage, TA = +25C, 3.0 V |VI-VO| 40 V, 10 mA IO Imax, PD Pmax, TJ = Tlow to Thigh Line Regulation (Note 3), 3.0 V |VI-VO| 40 V Load Regulation (Note 3), 10 mA IO Imax |VO| 5.0 V |VO| 5.0 V Temperature Stability (Tlow TJ Thigh) Minimum Load Current to Maintain Regulation (|VI-VO| 10 V) (|VI-VO| 40 V) Maximum Output Current |VI-VO| 15 V, PD Pmax, T Package |VI-VO| 40 V, PD Pmax, TJ = +25C, T Package RMS Noise, % of VO, TA = +25C, 10 Hz f 10 kHz Ripple Rejection, VO = -10 V, f = 120 Hz (Note 4) Without CAdj CAdj = 10 F Long-Term Stability, TJ = Thigh (Note 5), TA = +25C for Endpoint Measurements Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Case, T Package 4 3 1, 2 3 1 2 Figure 1 2 Symbol Regline Regload - - Regtherm IAdj IAdj Vref Regline Regload - - 3 3 TS ILmin - - 3 Imax - - N RR - 66 3 S RJC - - 60 77 0.3 4.0 - - 1.0 - %/1.0 k Hrs. C/W - 1.5 0.15 0.003 2.2 0.4 - % VO dB 1.5 2.5 6.0 10 A - 20 0.3 0.6 70 1.5 - mV % VO % VO mA - - - -1.213 -1.20 - 15 0.3 0.003 65 2.0 -1.250 -1.25 0.02 50 1.0 0.04 100 5.0 -1.287 -1.30 0.07 mV % VO % VO/W A A V %/V Min - Typ 0.01 Max 0.04 Unit %/V
NOTES: 1. Tlow to Thigh = 0 to +125C, for LM337T, D2T. Tlow to Thigh = - 40 to +125C, for LM337BT, BD2T. 2. Imax = 1.5 A, Pmax = 20 W 3. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Change in VO because of heating effects is covered under the Thermal Regulation specification. Pulse testing with a low duty cycle is used. 4. CAdj, when used, is connected between the adjustment pin and ground. 5. Since Long Term Stability cannot be measured on each device before shipment, this specification is an engineering estimate of average stability from lot to lot. 6. Power dissipation within an IC voltage regulator produces a temperature gradient on the die, affecting individual IC components on the die. These effects can be minimized by proper integrated circuit design and layout techniques. Thermal Regulation is the effect of these temperature gradients on the output voltage and is expressed in percentage of output change per watt of power change in a specified time.
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MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
LM337
Representative Schematic Diagram
100 2.0k 2.5k 810 21k 60 Adjust
Vout 10k 15pF 5.0k 75 0 60k 100k 800 15pF 2.0k 800 25pF 220
18k 4.0k 6.0k 1.0k 9.6k 270 100pF 20k 8.0k 600 2.9k 4.0k 500 2.4k 15 500 155 0.05 Vin This device contains 39 active transistors. 100k 15 5.0k 0.2 5.0pF 3.0k 2.2k 18k 240 100
30k 2.0 pF 250
Figure 1. Line Regulation and IAdj/Line Test Circuit
R2
1% +
Cin
1.0 F
IAdj Adjust Vin LM337 VIH VIL R1 Vout
CO 120 1%
1.0 F
* Pulse testing required. 1% Duty Cycle is suggested.
RL
* VEE
VOH VOL Line Regulation (% V)
+
|V
-V | OL OH x 100 |V | OH
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
3
LM337
Figure 2. Load Regulation and IAdj/Load Test Circuit
* Pulse testing required. 1% Duty Cycle is suggested. CO + Cin 1.0 F IAdj Adjust -VI Vin Vout IL Load Regulation (% VO) = R1 120 * RL (max Load) 1.0 F
R2
1%
LM337
-VO (min Load) -VO (max Load) VO (min Load) - VO (max Load) x 100 VO (min Load)
Load Regulation (mV) = VO (min Load) - VO (max Load)
Figure 3. Standard Test Circuit
R2
1% + 1.0 F RL
VI
Cin
1.0 F
CO
VO
IAdj Adjust Vin VO - 1 R1 Vref This assumes IAdj is negligible. R2 = LM337 Vout
Vref R1 120
IL
To Calculate R2:
* Pulse testing required. * 1% Duty Cycle is suggested.
Figure 4. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit
+ R2 Cin 1.0 F Adjust Vin LM337 R1 Vout 120 D1* 1% CAdj 10F CO 1N4002 + 1.0 F RL VO
Vout = -1.25 V 14.3 V 4.3 V f = 120 Hz * D1 Discharges CAdj if output is shorted to Ground.
Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. "Typical" parameters which may be provided in Motorola data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including "Typicals" must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
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MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
LM337
Figure 5. Load Regulation
V out , OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (%) 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150 0 10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout , INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) Vin = -15 V Vout = -10 V IL = 1.5 A I out , OUTPUT CURRENT (A) IL = 0.5 A 3.0 4.0
Figure 6. Current Limit
2.0 TJ = 25C 1.0
Figure 7. Adjustment Pin Current
80 V in - Vout , INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc) IAdj, ADJUSTMENT CURRENT (A) 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150 3.0
Figure 8. Dropout Voltage
Vout = -5.0 V VO = 100 mV 2.5 IL = 1.5 A 2.0 1.0 A 1.5 500 mA 200 mA 20 mA 1.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150
Figure 9. Temperature Stability
1.27 V ref , REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) I B , QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.23 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C) 150 0 0
Figure 10. Minimum Operating Current
1.26
1.25
TJ = 25C
1.24
10 20 30 40 Vin-Vout , INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (Vdc)
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
5
LM337
Figure 11. Ripple Rejection versus Output Voltage
100 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 80 60 40 20 0 0 -5.0 -10 -15 -20 -25 Vout, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) -30 -35 -40 Vin - Vout = 5.0 V IL = 500 mA f = 120 Hz TJ = 25C RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) CAdj = 10 F
Figure 12. Ripple Rejection versus Output Current
100 80 CAdj = 10 F Without CAdj
Without CAdj
60 40 20 0 0.01 Vin = -15 V Vout = -10 V f = 120 Hz TJ = 25C 0.1 1.0 IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
10
Figure 13. Ripple Rejection versus Frequency
100 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) 80 CAdj =10 F 60 40 20 0 10 Z O , OUTPUT IMPEDANCE ( ) Vin = -15 V Vout = -10 V IL = 500 mA TJ = 25C 101
Figure 14. Output Impedance
Vin = -15 V Vout = -10 V IL = 500 mA CL = 1.0 F TJ = 25C Without CAdj CAdj = 10 F
100
10-1
Without CAdj
10-2
100
1.0 k
10 k
100 k
1.0 M
10 M
10-3 10
100
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
1.0 k 10 k f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
100 k
1.0 M
V in, INPUT V out , OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (V) VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V)
Figure 15. Line Transient Response
V out , OUTPUT VOLTAGE DEVIATION (V) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 0 -0.5 -1.0 0 Vout = -10 V IL = 50 mA TJ = 25C CL = 1.0 F 10 Without CAdj CAdj = 10 F I L , LOAD CURRENT (A)
Figure 16. Load Transient Reponse
Without CAdj
CAdj = 10 F
Vin = -15 V Vout = -10 V IL = 50 mA TJ = 25C CL = 1.0 F 10 20 t, TIME (s) 30 40
20 t, TIME (s)
30
40
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MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
LM337
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Basic Circuit Operation The LM337 is a 3-terminal floating regulator. In operation, the LM337 develops and maintains a nominal -1.25 V reference (Vref) between its output and adjustment terminals. This reference voltage is converted to a programming current (IPROG) by R1 (see Figure 17), and this constant current flows through R2 from ground. The regulated output voltage is given by:
V out
degrading regulation. The ground end of R2 can be returned near the load ground to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. External Capacitors A 1.0 F tantalum input bypass capacitor (Cin) is recommended to reduce the sensitivity to input line impedance. The adjustment terminal may be bypassed to ground to improve ripple rejection. This capacitor (CAdj) prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. A 10 F capacitor should improve ripple rejection about 15 dB at 120 Hz in a 10 V application. An output capacitance (CO) in the form of a 1.0 F tantalum or 10 F aluminum electrolytic capacitor is required for stability. Protection Diodes When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Figure 18 shows the LM337 with the recommended protection diodes for output voltages in excess of -25 V or high capacitance values (CO > 25 F, CAdj > 10 F). Diode D1 prevents CO from discharging thru the IC during an input short circuit. Diode D2 protects against capacitor CAdj discharging through the IC during an output short circuit. The combination of diodes D1 and D2 prevents CAdj from the discharging through the IC during an input short circuit. Figure 18. Voltage Regulator with Protection Diodes
+ Vout + CO Adjust -Vin LM337 Vin D1 1N4002 Vout R1 D2 1N4002
+ Vref 1 ) R2 ) IAdj R2 R
1
Since the current into the adjustment terminal (IAdj) represents an error term in the equation, the LM337 was designed to control IAdj to less than 100 A and keep it constant. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output terminal. This imposes the requirement for a minimum load current. If the load current is less than this minimum, the output voltage will rise. Since the LM337 is a floating regulator, it is only the voltage differential across the circuit which is important to performance, and operation at high voltages with respect to ground is possible. Figure 17. Basic Circuit Configuration
+ Vout IAdj R2 IPROG + CO Adjust Vin LM337 Vref R1 - Vout
Vout Vref = -1.25 V Typical
R2 + Cin
+ CAdj
Load Regulation The LM337 is capable of providing extremely good load regulation, but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. For best performance, the programming resistor (R1) should be connected as close to the regulator as possible to minimize line drops which effectively appear in series with the reference, thereby
- Vout
Figure 19. D2PAK Thermal Resistance and Maximum Power Dissipation versus P.C.B. Copper Length
PD(max) for TA = +50C 70 60 50 40 RJA 30 0 5.0 10 15 20 Free Air Mounted Vertically 3.0 2.0 oz. Copper L PD, MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION (W) 80 R JA, THERMAL RESISTANCE JUNCTION-TO-AIR (C/W) 3.5
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
Minimum Size Pad
L, LENGTH OF COPPER (mm)
MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
IIII IIII IIII IIII
L 25 30
7
LM337
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 221A-06 ISSUE Y
NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIM Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.045 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 - 0.045 0.080 - MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.82 4.07 0.88 0.64 3.73 3.61 2.66 2.42 3.93 2.80 0.64 0.46 12.70 14.27 1.52 1.15 5.33 4.83 3.04 2.54 2.79 2.04 1.39 1.15 6.47 5.97 1.27 0.00 - 1.15 2.04 -
B
F T
4
C
-T -
SEATING PLANE
S
DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z
Q
123
A U K
H Z L V G D N D2T SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 936-03 (D2PAK) ISSUE B
OPTIONAL CHAMFER
R J
A
E
-T -
TERMINAL 4
U
K B
S V H F
1 2 3
NOTES: 1 DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2 CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3 TAB CONTOUR OPTIONAL WITHIN DIMENSIONS A AND K. 4 DIMENSIONS U AND V ESTABLISH A MINIMUM MOUNTING SURFACE FOR TERMINAL 4. 5 DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR GATE PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH AND GATE PROTRUSIONS NOT TO EXCEED 0.025 (0.635) MAXIMUM. INCHES MIN MAX 0.386 0.403 0.356 0.368 0.170 0.180 0.026 0.036 0.045 0.055 0.051 REF 0.100 BSC 0.539 0.579 0.125 MAX 0.050 REF 0.000 0.010 0.088 0.102 0.018 0.026 0.058 0.078 5 _ REF 0.116 REF 0.200 MIN 0.250 MIN MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 9.804 10.236 9.042 9.347 4.318 4.572 0.660 0.914 1.143 1.397 1.295 REF 2.540 BSC 13.691 14.707 3.175 MAX 1.270 REF 0.000 0.254 2.235 2.591 0.457 0.660 1.473 1.981 5 _ REF 2.946 REF 5.080 MIN 6.350 MIN
M J D 0.010 (0.254)
M
L P
N T G R
C
DIM A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R S U V
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MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA LM337/D
*LM337/D*

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